The name “El” is one of the most ancient titles used for God in the Hebrew language. It suggests to us that the foundational characteristics of God are mighty, supreme, and eternal. Derived from the root word meaning “divine strength” or “divine power,” “El” appears frequently in the Old Testament, often as part of compound names revealing different aspects of God’s nature. The root of “El” likely stems from the Semitic root ‘lh, which denotes strength or power. However, there are some scholars who believe that there may be other roots from the Hebrew language involved. Yet, most do hold the aforementioned to be the correct view, so that is the one that we will go with here. That being said, “El” is one of the simplest yet most profound names for God, expressing His unmatched might and majesty. In Hebrew, it is often paired with adjectives or attributes to form compound names that reveal facets of God’s character. This formality underscores the theological belief that God’s essence is too vast to be encapsulated by a single term.

In its simplest form, “El” emphasizes God’s supremacy and authority over all creation. For instance, Genesis 14:18-20 introduces God as “El Elyon,” translated in English as “God Most High,” in the blessing of Abram by Melchizedek, king of Salem. This name underscores God’s sovereignty and His position as ruler of heaven and earth. Similarly, in Genesis 17:1, God identifies Himself to Abram as “El Shaddai”—”God Almighty”—highlighting His omnipotence and the ability to fulfill His covenant promises. Here, God reassures Abram of His power to fulfill promises, even when human circumstances seem impossible (Romans 4:18-21). Melchizedek’s use of this term in blessing Abram ties divine authority to human affairs, paving the way for Christ’s priestly role (Hebrews 7:1-3). For Melchizedek was both the King of Salem (peace) and High Priest to God. Under the Mosaic law, one could not be a King and a priest from the line of Aaron. Therefore, Jesus, who is of the tribe of Judah must necessarily be under a different system. So God has made Him the priest after the order of Melchizek. Similarly, in Exodus 6:3, God reminds Moses that He was known to the patriarchs as “El Shaddai.” This name establishes a foundational understanding of God’s power and provision during the formative stages of Israelite history, for He did not reveal His personal name YHWH (YaHWeH) to humanity before the calling of Moses from the burning bush. It must be stated, that though they were not introduced to the personal Name of God, they still knew Him as one who was faithful to His covenants.
“El” also reflects God’s personal relationship with His people. For example, in Deuteronomy 32:4, God is described as “El HaNe’eman,” or “the faithful God.” This emphasizes His trustworthiness and justice, portraying Him as a rock upon whom His people can rely. Psalm 68:35 declares, “The God of Israel gives power and strength to His people,” illustrating God as both a source of divine strength and a sustainer of His people.
Additionally, the name “El” is found in poetic and prophetic literature, often stressing God’s unchanging nature and eternal being. Isaiah 9:6 refers to the coming Messiah as “El Gibbor,” translated in English as “Mighty God,” signifying not only God’s power but His role as a divine warrior and Savior.
The compound forms of “El” not only reveal God’s attributes but also His active participation in human history. “El” reflects divine might, but it also hints at relational intimacy, as seen in passages like Deuteronomy 7:9, where God is the “faithful El,” keeping covenant love to a thousand generations.
While most of our modern English translations translate these Hebrews words and names into their English equivalent, it is good to know that we still have access to these subtle truths that the ancient languages reveal about God’s nature. As Christians, these truths take on a deeper dimension in light of Christ and how God has been mighty to save us from sin and the grave. How can knowing God’s different titles and names help to enrich your prayers? Oh what a blessing it is to be a child of the Lord’s!